Diamond–Blackfan anemia is a congenital erythroid aplasia that usually presents in infancy. DBA causes low red blood cell counts, without substantially affecting the other blood components, which are usually normal. This is in contrast to Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond syndrome, in which the bone marrow defect results primarily in neutropenia, and Fanconi anemia, where all cell lines are affected resulting in pancytopenia. A variety of other congenital abnormalities may also occur in DBA.

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